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The volume is the result of a path that began in 2006 with the preparation of the degree thesis on the peasant movement in Basilicata after World War II and culminated in the research activity carried out during the doctorate in History of Mediterranean Europe from Antiquity to Age. contemporary - XXV cycle of the University of Basilicata. The text capitalizes on the experience of documentary research carried out at the Flai-Cgil "Donatella Turtura" Archive in Rome and draws on the results obtained from historiography on the theme of trade union representation within the wider peasant movement. The volume seeks to treat with clarity, despite the complexity of the subject, the concepts and main points of the claiming and organizational action of the labor union in Basilicata in the period 1943-1961. An attempt was made to expose the reconstruction of the main trade union representation institutions, also on the basis of existing literature and taking into account the historical context in which the events covered take place. Basic knowledge of the historical events of the second post-war period starting from the liberation of the South in 1943 by the Allied armies is assumed.